課程資訊
課程名稱
生育正義專題研究
Seminar on Reproductive Justice 
開課學期
110-2 
授課對象
學程  人口學程  
授課教師
陳昭如 
課號
LAW5505 
課程識別碼
A21 M0590 
班次
 
學分
2.0 
全/半年
半年 
必/選修
選修 
上課時間
星期一8,9(15:30~17:20) 
上課地點
霖研五1702 
備註
[人口學程]選修領域(二)性別、工作與家庭。
總人數上限:22人
外系人數限制:5人 
 
課程簡介影片
 
核心能力關聯
核心能力與課程規劃關聯圖
課程大綱
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課程概述

墮胎是最具矚目與爭議性的生育議題之一,也是攸關女性平等與自由的關鍵課題之一。近年來,不少國家擴張了對墮胎權的保障(如:南韓、墨西哥、愛爾蘭),但也有少數國家正面臨墮胎權倒退的危機(例如:美國、波蘭),在盛行「墮胎例外主義」(abortion exceptionalism)的美國,甚至出現以賞金獵人制度來限縮墮胎權的反墮胎法。Covid疫情與管制措施的影響一方面造成對墮胎管道的進一步限制,另方面卻也讓某些墮胎管道(如藥物墮胎)變得較為容易。許多國家透過立法與行政手段來規範墮胎,但也有少數國家是將墮胎作為憲法議題來處理(例如:美國、南韓)。在有些國家,大多數的墮胎合法、安全且便利,也沒有出現強而有力的反墮胎運動。在有些國家,墮胎雖然為法所許,但女性實際上卻很難取得墮胎服務,凸顯了階級、種族與性別交織的不平等。對墮胎的正反立場往往表現為支持女性選擇權(pro-choice)與保衛胎兒生命權(pro-life)的對立。然而,這只是墮胎議題的構框方式之一而已。再者,過度聚焦在墮胎議題,也很容易導致其他生育相關的議題被邊緣化。
「生育正義」(reproductive justice)將生育定義為應受積極保障的人權議題,主張應重視獲得生育服務的管道(access),而非僅以選擇(choice)的消極權利看待之,要求保障人們可以決定(1)不要有小孩;(2)要有小孩且(3)在安全適當的環境下養育之的權利,並對抗性別、種族、階級等交織的不平等。在本學期的課程中,我們將透過比較法的視野,以生育正義的框架來認識生育控制如何作為一種對女性的控制、女性如何可能控制自己的生育。本學期將探討的生育議題包括避孕、結紮、墮胎、懷孕與人工協助生殖,但不會涉及收出養、寄養與育兒議題。我們將思考的艱難課題包括:選擇性墮胎、宗教自由與良知拒絕、生育市場等等,並將考察反墮胎的論述與策略變遷。本課程所帶入的比較法視野以北美和東亞為主,但也會觸及其他國家的相關生育管制(例如納粹德國的優生政策)。指定閱讀的文本具有內容與形態上的多元性,包括重要法院判決、法律故事與理論考察,以更具體地認識法律與社會運動的互動,並在理論與經驗中穿梭思考。為了拓展法律想像,我們也將閱讀有關生育正義的女性主義重寫判決,以進行思考的實驗:從女性主義與比較法的觀點來看,法院是否在當時有可能做出不同的決定?這將可能如何改變歷史路徑?
 

課程目標
1. 了解生育正義的概念,認識相關的比較法
2. 拓展法律想像,藉由思考法律與社會運動的互動,在理論與經驗的交會之處繪製生育正義的具體圖像 
課程要求
(一)學期成績的評分指標為:上課表現(10%)、批判性閱讀心得(50%)、學期報告(40%)。
(二)除有不可抗力之重大例外事由之外,本課程不接受停修之申請。
(三)本課程有以下要求:
1. 每週課程皆應準時出席,生病、檢疫隔離或其他不可抗力事由除外。遲到與缺席列為學期平時成績扣分事項。缺席者,應補交所缺席週次之批判性閱讀心得,該次不計入心得繳交不計入學期應繳交心得之總數。但因生病、檢疫隔離或其他不可抗力事由請假且經教師同意者,所補繳之心得可計入總數。遲到者,須完成教師依遲到程度情況所指定之任務或作業。
2. 完成課程所指定的作業。
3. 課程前預先完成課堂前的閱讀準備,並於每週日中午六點前繳交該週文獻之批判性閱讀心得報告,於本學期中至少繳交八次,未足八次者依據缺交次數累計扣分。遲交(晚於週日中午六點、早於週日晚上十二點)者應完成教師依據遲交程度情況所指定之任務或作業,超過遲交期限者,不予計入。批判性閱讀心得報告的長度為二到三頁,但八次中至多得有兩次為一頁。內容應包括三部分:(1)該週文獻之重點為何?作者所使用的方法與資料是否適當?論點是否具有說服力?(2)對於你思考台灣法有何啟發?(3)該週文獻引導你思考哪些問題?
4. 課程中積極參與討論,每週均須於課堂上口頭提出對該週文獻之思考,不論該週是否繳交批判性閱讀心得。上課時不得使用任何電子設備(例如手機、iPad、筆電)從事與課堂無關之活動,違規者需完成教師視違規程度情況所指定之任務或作業。
5. 學期報告:於本學期每週主題中擇定其一,至少參考該週之指定與參考閱讀、課程參考書目中之書籍,並納入與台灣之比較或對台灣法研究的啟發,寫作學期報告。修課同學應:
(1) 於4月10日前提出預定研究的主題(題目與簡要說明),取得教師同意
(2) 於5月15日繳交報告大綱(包含研究主題、初步的研究文獻回顧、研究資料說明、預期的可能研究發現或貢獻,研究文獻回顧必須包含非課程指定閱讀之英文法學文獻),並於5月30日進行課堂短報告。
(4) 於6月19日前繳交符合學術引註格式之學期報告,字數以8000-10000字為度。遲交報告酌予扣分。晚於6月21日繳交者,視為缺交,除非有重大不可抗力事由且經教師同意。
6. 遵守學術倫理,不得抄襲或不當引用,亦不得將他門課程之報告作為本課程之報告內容。批判性閱讀心得與學期報告均應附上遵守學術倫理之聲明。
 
預期每週課後學習時數
 
Office Hours
另約時間 
指定閱讀
依每週進度 
參考書目
* Loretta J. Ross and Rickie Solinger, Reproductive Justice: An Introduction (2017)
* Melissa Murray & Kristin Luker, Cases on Reproductive Rights and Justice (2015)
* Rebecca J. Cook, Joanna N. Erdman, and Bernard M. Dickens eds., Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies (2014)
* Rickie Soliger and Mie Nakochi eds., Reproductive States: Global Perspectives on the Invention and Implementation of Population Policy (2016)
* Loretta Ross et. al. eds., Radical Reproductive Justice: Foundations, Theory, Practice, Critique (2017)
* Betsy Hartmann, Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control and Contraceptive Choice (3rd, 2016)
* Kimberly Mutcherson ed., Feminist Judgements: Reproductive Justice Rewritten (2020)
* Melissa Murray, Katherine Shaw, Reva Siegel eds., Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories (2020)
* Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty (1997/2017)
* Robin West et al. eds., In Search of Common Ground on Abortion: From Culture War to Reproductive Justice (2014)
* Sital Kalantry, Women’s Human Rights and Migration: Sex-selective Abortion Laws in the United States and India (2017)
* Mary Ziegler, After Roe: The Lost History of the Abortion Debate (2015)
* Mary Ziegler, Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present (2020)
* David S. Cohen, Obstacle Course: The everyday struggle to get an abortion in America (2020)
* Michele Goodwin, Policing the Womb: Invisible Women and the Criminalization of Motherhood (2020)
* Rachael Johnstone, After Morgentaler: The Politics of Abortion in Canada (2017)
* Shannon Stettner et al. eds., Abortion: History, Politics, and Reproductive Justice after Morgentaler (2017)
* Angela Ki Che Leung and Izumi Nakayama eds., Gender, Health, and History in Modern East Asia (2018)
* Aiko Takeuchi-Demirci, Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive politics and imperial ambitions in the United States and Japan (2018)
 
評量方式
(僅供參考)
   
課程進度
週次
日期
單元主題
第1週
02/14  課程介紹

* Zakiya Luna and Kristin Luker, Reproductive Justice, 2013 Annu. Rev. Soc. Sci. 327 (2013) 
第2週
02/21  Roe的前世今生

* Linda Greenhouse and Reva Siegel, “The Unfinished Story of Roe v. Wade,” in Melissa Murray, Katherine Shaw, Reva Siegel eds., Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories 53-75 (2020)
* Mary Ziegler, Contesting the Legacy of the Nineteenth Amendment: Abortion and Equality from Roe to the Present, 92 U. Colo. L. Rev. 751 (2021).
* Melissa Murray, Race-ing Roe: Reproductive Justice, Racial Justice, and the Battle for Roe v. Wade, 134 Harv. L. Rev. 2025, 2071-2102 (2021).

參考閱讀:
* Serena Mayeri, Undue-ing Roe: Constitutional Conflict and Political Polarization in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, in Melissa Murray, Katherine Shaw, Reva Siegel eds., Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories 137-59 (2020)
* Mary Ziegler, Abortion and the Law in America: Roe v. Wade to the Present 149-80 (2020) (Ch.6 Partial-birth Abortion and Who Decides the Costs and Benefits) *臺大有電子書。
 
第3週
02/28  探索一則二二八與白色恐怖時期受難者的生育故事 
第4週
03/07  墮胎的權利政治

* Noya Rimaltt, When Rights Don’t Talk: Abortion Law and the Politics of Compromise, 28 Yale J.L. & Feminism 327 (2017)
* Lori Brown, J. Shoshanna Ehrlich, and Colleen MacQuarrie, Subverting the Constitution? Anti-abortion Policies and Activism in the United States and Canada, in Shannon Stettner et al. eds., Abortion: History, Politics, and Reproductive Justice after Morgentaler 239-64 (2017)
* S. Kim, N. Young, and Y. Lee, The Role of Reproductive Justice Movements in Challenging South Korea’s Abortion Ban, 21 Health Hum Rights 97 (2019)

參考閱讀:
* Center for Reproductive Rights, Across Borders: Impact of Reproductive Rights Jurisprudence Worldwide (2022), https://reproductiverights.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/12012021_Across-Borders_How-International-and-Regional-Reproductive-Rights-Can-INfluencer-Jurisprudence-Worldwide.pdf
* Robin West, From Choice to Reproductive Justice: De-Constitutionalizing Abortion Rights, 118 Yale L. J. 1394 (2009).
* Rachel Rebouche, in Rebecca J. Cook, Joanna N. Erdman, and Bernard M. Dickens eds., Abortion Law in Transnational Perspective: Cases and Controversies 98-117 (2014)
 
第5週
03/14  與敵人共枕?優生與人口政策下的墮胎權

* Weiwei Cao, The Regulation of Reproduction in New China: Seven Decades on, Feminist Legal Studies (2021)
* Aiko Takeuchi-Demirci, Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive politics and imperial ambitions in the United States and Japan 117- 150 (2018) (Ch4 Between Democracy and Genocide: US Involvement in Population Control in Occupied Japan)*臺大有電子書。
* Loretta J. Ross, Trust Black Women: Reproductive Justice and Eugenics, in Loretta Ross et. al. eds., Radical Reproductive Justice: Foundations, Theory, Practice, Critique 61-91 (2017)

參考閱讀:
* Betsy Hartmann, Reproductive Rights and Wrongs: The Global Politics of Population Control and Contraceptive Choice 3-12, 39-54 (3rd, 2016)
* Tiana Norgren, Abortion before Birth Control: The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Japan 36-82 (2001)*臺大有電子書。
* Mary Ziegler, After Roe: The Lost History of the Abortion Debate 95-127 (2015) (Ch.3 Women’s Rights versus Population Control: Abortion and Racial Politics)*臺大有電子書。 
第6週
03/21  (不)補助墮胎

* Rhonda Copelon and Sylvia Law, Nearly Allied to Her Right “to Be”—Medicaid Funding for Abortion: The Story of Harris v. McRae, in Elizabeth M. Schneider, Stephanie M. Wildman eds., Women and the Law Stories 207- 251(2010)
* Michele Goodwin, Policing the Womb: Invisible Women and the Criminalization of Motherhood 149-163 (2020) (Ch9 Policing Beyond the Border)*臺大有電子書。
* Rachael Johnstone, After Morgentaler: The politics of abortion in Canada 107-40 (2017) (Ch.4 Abortion as Health care)

參考閱讀
* Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty 217-260 (1997/2017) (Ch.5 The Welfare Debate)
* Ciarra J. Minacci-Morey, Personal Narrative as a Tool of Legal Analysis to Evaluate and Improve Access to Abortion Services for Indigenous Women in Canada, 35 Conn. J. Int’l L. 272 (2019).
* Katrina Ackerman, & Shannon Stettner, The Public Is Not Ready for This”: 1969 and the Long Road to Abortion Access, 100 Canadian Historical Review 239 (2019).
 
第7週
03/28  良知拒絕
* Melissa Murray & Kristin Luker, Cases on Reproductive Rights and Justice 597-627 (2015) (Burwell v. Hobby Lobby)
* Louise Melling, Religious Refusals and Reproductive Rights: Claims of Conscience as Discrimination and Shaming, in Susanna Mancini and ‎Michel Rosenfeld eds., The Conscience Wars: Rethinking the Balance Between Religion, Identity, and Equality 375-91 (2017)
* Douglas NeJaime and Reva Siegel, Conscience Wars in Transnational Perspective: Religious Liberty, Third-Party Harm, and Pluralism, in Susanna Mancini and ‎Michel Rosenfeld eds., The Conscience Wars: Rethinking the Balance Between Religion, Identity, and Equality 187-219 (2017)

參考閱讀:
* Anthony Michael Kreis, Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., 573 U.S. 682 (2014), Feminist judgments : reproductive justice rewritten / edited by Kimberly M. Mutcherson.292-313 (2020)
* Rebecca Selberg, The Midwife Case and Conscientious Objection: New Ways of Framing Abortion in Sweden, 22 International Feminist Journal of Politics 312 (2019)
 
第8週
04/04  春假 
第9週
04/11  選擇性墮胎
* Elizabeth R. Schiltz, Finding Common Ground in the Disability Rights Critiques of Selective Abortions, in Robin West et al. eds., In Search of Common Ground on Abortion: From Culture War to Reproductive Justice 117-42 (2014)*臺大有電子書
* Sital Kalantry, Do Reason-based Abortion Bans Prevent Eugenics? 107 Cornell Law Review Online (2021), https://live-cornell-law-review.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Kalantry-107.1-reformatted.pdf
* Korean Constitutional Court, 20-2(A) KCCR 236, 2004Hun-Ma1010, 2005Hun-Ba90 (consolidated), July 31, 2008, available at http://search.ccourt.go.kr/ths/pr/eng_pr0101_E1.do?seq=1&cname=영문판례&eventNum=13654&eventNo=2004헌마1010&pubFlag=0&cId=010400

參考閱讀:
* Masae Kato, Women’s Rights? The Politics of Eugenic Abortion in Modern Japan 117-65, 201-12 (2009)
* Sital Kalantry, Women’s Human Rights and Migration: Sex-selective Abortion Laws in the United States and India 74-125 (2017)
* Melissa Murray, Race-ing Roe: Reproductive Justice, Racial Justice, and the Battle for Roe v. Wade, 134 Harv. L. Rev. 2025, 2059-2071 (2021).
* Samuel R. Bagenstos, Disability and Reproductive Justice, 14 Harv. L. & Pol’y Rev. 273 (2020).
 
第10週
04/18  強迫結紮作為優生與種族政策
* Lisa C. Ikemoto, Infertile by Force and Federal Complicity: The Story of Relf v. Weinberger, in Elizabeth M. Schneider, Stephanie M. Wildman eds, Women and the Law Stories 179-206 (2010)
* Maya Manian, Coerced Sterilization of Mexican-American Women: The Story of Madrigal v. Quilligan, in Melissa Murray, Katherine Shaw, Reva Siegel eds., Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories 97-116 (2020)
* Egbert Klautke, ‘The Germans are beating us at our own game’: American eugenics and the German sterilization law of 1933, 29 History of the Human Sciences 25 (2016)
* Karen Stote, The Coercive Sterilization of Aboriginal Women in Canada, 33 American Indian Culture and Research Journal 117 (2012)

參考閱讀:
* Buck v. Bell, in Kimberly Mutcherson ed., Feminist Judgements: Reproductive Justice Rewritten 15-35 (2020)
* Paul A. Lombardo, Three Generations, No Imbeciles Eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck v. Bell (2010),不提供掃描檔,請自行借閱。
* Adam Cohen, Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck (2017),不提供掃描檔,請自行借閱。
 
第11週
04/25  避孕與結紮的「選擇」
* Iris Ofelia López, Matters of Choice: Puerto Rican Women's Struggle for Reproductive Freedom 3-42, 142-155(2008)
* Jennifer M. Denbow, Governed Through Choice: Autonomy, Technology, and the Politics of Reproduction 132-75 (2015)

參考閱讀:
* Miho Ogino, From Abortion to ART: A History of Conflict between the State and the Women’s Reproductive Rights Movement in Japan after World War II, in Rickie Soliger and Mie Nakochi eds., Reproductive States: Global Perspectives on the Invention and Implementation of Population Policy 98-123 (2016)*臺大有電子書。
* Tin Tin Htun, Reproductive Rights in Japan: Where Do Women Stand? In Jeff Kingston eds., Critical Issues in Contemporary Japan 198-209 (2019)

 
第12週
05/02  避孕作為性與生育控制
* Melissa Murray, Sexual Liberty and Criminal Law Reform: The Story of Griswold v. Connecticut, in Melissa Murray, Katherine Shaw, Reva Siegel eds., Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories 11-31 (2020)
* Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty 119-64 (1997/2017) (Ch3 From Norplant to the Contraception Vaccine: The New Frontier of Population Control)
* Aiko Takeuchi-Demirci, Contraceptive Diplomacy: Reproductive politics and imperial ambitions in the United States and Japan 181-210 (2018) (Ch6 Birth Control for the Masses: Technological Imperatives for Global Population Control)*臺大有電子書。

參考閱讀:
* Cynthia Hawkins DeBose, Griswold v. Connecticut, in Kathryn M. Stanchi, Linda L. Berger, Bridget J. Crawford eds., Feminist Judgments: Rewritten Opinions of the United States Supreme Court 98-113 (2016)
* Melissa Murray & Kristin Luker, Cases on Reproductive Rights and Justice 521-47 (2015)
 
第13週
05/09  監控子宮,懲罰女性
* Priscilla A. Ocen, Birthing Injustice: Pregnancy as a Status Offense, 85 The George Washington Law Review 1163 (2017)
* Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty 165-216 (199/2017) (Ch4 Making Reproduction a Crime)
* Catharine A. MacKinnon, Sex Equality 1469-79 (3rd., 2017) (LEAF factum and Dobson v. Dobson)
* Michelle Goodwin, Pregnancy and the New Jane Crow, 53 Conn. L. Rev. 543 (2021)

參考閱讀:
* Michele Goodwin, Policing the Womb: Invisible Women and the Criminalization of Motherhood 114-28 (2020)*臺大有電子書。
* Melissa Murray & Kristin Luker, Cases on Reproductive Rights and Justice 521-47 (2015),見12週參考。
* Priscilla A Ocen, Pregnant While Black: The Story of Ferguson v. City of Charleston, in Melissa Murray, Katherine Shaw, Reva Siegel eds., Reproductive Rights and Justice Stories 161-82 (2020)

 
第14週
05/16  代孕:舊壓迫與新科技
* Dorothy Roberts, Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty 261-309 (1997/2017) (Ch6 Race and the New Reproduction)
* Melissa Murray & Kristin Luker, Cases on Reproductive Rights and Justice 368-84, 402-13 (2015) (In re Baby M, Johnson v. Calvert)
* Jung-ok Ha, Solving Low Fertility Rate with Technology? In Angela Ki Che Leung and Izumi Nakayama eds., Gender, Health, and History in Modern East Asia 115-36 (2018)*臺大有電子書。
* France Winddance Twine, Outsourcing the Womb: Race, Class and Gestational Surrogacy in a Global Market 62-69 (2ed., 2015) (Asian Surrogacy Markets: China, Japan, and South Korea)
* Lisa C. Ikemoto, Assisted Reproductive Technology Use among Neighbors: Commercialization Concerns in Canada and the United States, in Trudo Lemmens et al. eds., Regulating Creation: The Law, Ethics, and Policy of Assisted Human Reproduction 253-273 (2017)

參考閱讀:
* Patricia Williams, The Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor 216-36 (1992)(Ch12 On being the object of property)
* Laura Briggs, How All Politics Becomes Reproductive Politics: From Welfare Reform to Foreclosure to Trump 101- 48 (2017) (Ch4 The Politics and Economics of Reproductive Technology and Black Infant Mortality)
 
第15週
05/23  疫情下的生育不正義

* Seema Mohapatra, Reproductive Injustice and COVID-19, 50 Stetson L. Rev. 389 (2021)
* Alexandra Holmstrom-Smith, Free Market Feminism: Re-Reconsidering Surrogacy, 24 U. PA. J.L. & Soc. CHANGE 443 (2021)
 
第16週
05/30  學期報告